Friend or Foe? Can We Selectively Shut Off Immune Responses?

Kant: Friend or Foe of the Believer? Plantinga and Other American Christian Responses to Kant's Epistemology

The Microbiome and Diet: Friend or Foe in the Future Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

It is well established that uncontrolled activation of effector immune cells in response to the gut microbiota triggers chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms in genetically susceptible hosts. The exact cause(s) for IBD remains unknown. Previous studies have examined, in detail, how the gut microbiome, genetic susceptibility, and environmental stress may activate the immune responses...

Apocrine Metaplasia in Intraductal Papilloma with Foci of DCIS: A Friend or Foe?

Malignant papillary neoplasms of the breast comprise a number of microscopically distinct lesions, where apocrine metaplasia is commonly found in papillomas compared to other papillary lesions including papillary carcinomas. However, association of apocrine metaplasia in papilloma with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) is not very well defined. The lesions with apocrine metaplasia are not only di...

Immune System, Friend or Foe of Oncolytic Virotherapy?

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are an emerging class of targeted anticancer therapies designed to selectively infect, replicate in, and lyse malignant cells without causing harm to normal, healthy tissues. In addition to direct oncolytic activity, OVs have shown dual promise as immunotherapeutic agents. The presence of viral infection and subsequently generated immunogenic tumor cell death trigger inn...

Friend or foe

For many years, β-defensins were best known for their antimicrobial activity. However, β-defensins also exert immunomodulatory functions, such as the chemotactic recruitment of immune cells via chemokine receptors. We demonstrated that mouse β-defensin 14 recruits CCR6(+) B cells into fibrosarcomas, resulting in enhanced angiogenesis and tumor development.